高中英语语法英语词类、句子成分及句子(二)

初高中英语教学衔接

基本成分的修饰语称为句子的附属成分： ? 定语：是用来修饰主语或宾语的，即修饰名词。 ? 状语：通常是用来修饰谓语的，即修饰动词；也可 修饰形容词或副词。

1 定语：用来修饰名词的词。通常
由形容词充当。
The black pen is hers. What’s your name, please? We have seven lessons a day.

如：

定语的拓展

Poor John headed toward a hospital nearby．

People there like sports.
She likes oranges imported from the USA.

Have you seen the book on the desk?
The boy playing over there is my brother.

John gave Mary many books．

2 状语：一般表示动作发生的时间、
地点、方式或程度，常由副词充当。 如：
They worked hard. We had lunch at school today. John went into the classroom happily.

It’s very nice.
Kate runs very fast .

分为三类：简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句
The children went .

主谓

I
The teacher

bought
told

a hat .
us

主谓宾
a story. 主谓双宾

We

elected

him

monitor. 主谓宾宾补

We

are

Englishmen.

主系表

简单句翻译的一般顺序：主+谓+宾+宾补+状。

注意：
1、定语的位置不确定，它修饰哪个词就放在哪个 词的前或后（短语或句子作定语放后）。

2、谓语要考虑时态、语态及人称、单复数等。

较复杂的简单句实际上就是在一般简单句的 名词前后附加上定语。

1、一般简单句
那个男孩静静地吃了一个苹果。

That boy ate an apple quietly. 2、较复杂简单句
站在树底下的那个小男孩静静地吃了 一个很大的从美国进口的苹果。

That little boy standing under the tree ate a very big apple imported from the USA quietly.

并列句 并列句是用并列连词连接起来的两个或两 个以上的简单句。公式： 简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列连词有 and but or etc.
I help him and he helps me. He is very old ,but he is strong. We must try to do it, or we will lose the chance.

复合句 复合句包括宾语从句、定语从句、状语 从句等等。
He said that he would leave a note on his desk. When he explored the sea, he took a lot of pictures. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.